Clean Pennies: Copper & Zinc Cleaning Guide
Are you ready to dive into the fascinating world of coin cleaning? Specifically, we're going to explore the best methods to clean those copper and zinc pennies sitting in your collection. Over time, pennies can lose their shine due to tarnish and grime. But don’t worry, guys! With the right techniques, you can restore them to their former glory. Let's get started and make those pennies sparkle again!
Why Clean Your Pennies?
Before we jump into the how-to, let’s address the why. Cleaning pennies isn't just about aesthetics; it’s also about preserving history. Pennies, especially older ones, can be valuable collectibles. Removing dirt and tarnish can help you better appreciate the details and even increase their value, if done correctly. However, it’s crucial to understand that aggressive cleaning can actually damage a coin and decrease its worth. So, we need to be gentle and use appropriate methods.
Understanding Penny Composition
To effectively clean your pennies, it’s essential to know what they’re made of. Pennies minted before 1982 are primarily copper, making them quite durable and resistant to corrosion. These pennies have a distinctive reddish hue and a satisfying weight. On the other hand, pennies minted after 1982 are primarily zinc with a thin copper coating. These “zinc” pennies are more prone to corrosion because if the copper coating is damaged, the zinc core will react with the environment, leading to unsightly white spots and pitting. Understanding this difference is crucial because what works for a copper penny might damage a zinc penny.
Potential Risks of Cleaning Pennies
Okay, before we get too excited, let’s talk about the potential pitfalls. Cleaning coins, especially valuable ones, can be risky. Aggressive cleaning methods can scratch the surface, remove the original luster, and even accelerate corrosion. Collectors often prefer coins with their original patina – the natural aging process that gives coins a unique look. Over-cleaning can strip this patina, making the coin appear artificial and less desirable. So, the golden rule here is: when in doubt, leave it alone! If you’re dealing with potentially valuable coins, it's always best to consult a professional numismatist (that's a coin expert, guys!) before attempting any cleaning.
Essential Tools and Supplies for Penny Cleaning
Alright, let’s gear up! To safely and effectively clean copper and zinc pennies, you'll need a few essential tools and supplies. Having the right equipment will make the process smoother and reduce the risk of damage. Here’s a list of what you’ll need:
Soft Cloths and Cotton Swabs
First up are soft cloths, preferably made of microfiber. These are gentle on the coin surface and won’t cause scratches. Avoid using paper towels or abrasive cloths, as these can leave tiny marks. Cotton swabs are perfect for reaching small crevices and detailed areas. You can use them to gently apply cleaning solutions or to dab away excess moisture.
Distilled Water
Water is a powerful cleaning agent, especially when it’s pure. Distilled water is free from minerals and chemicals that can leave spots or react with the coin’s metal. Always use distilled water for rinsing and soaking your pennies. Tap water, on the other hand, can contain chlorine and other additives that can damage the coin's surface over time. So, stick with distilled water for the best results.
Mild Soap or Detergent
For pennies with stubborn dirt or grime, a mild soap or detergent can be helpful. Look for pH-neutral soaps, as these are less likely to react with the metal. Dish soap, such as Dawn, is a popular choice because it’s gentle and effective at removing grease and dirt. Just remember to use it sparingly – a few drops in a bowl of water is all you need. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the coin's surface and reduce its value.
Soft-Bristled Brush
A soft-bristled brush, like a toothbrush with worn-down bristles, is ideal for gently scrubbing away loose dirt and grime. Make sure the bristles are soft to avoid scratching the coin. You can use the brush in conjunction with a cleaning solution to loosen stubborn deposits. Always brush gently and avoid applying too much pressure. Circular motions are generally more effective than back-and-forth scrubbing, as they help to lift dirt from all angles.
Optional Supplies
There are a few optional supplies that can come in handy, depending on the condition of your pennies and the cleaning method you choose. For example, you might want to use gloves to protect your skin from cleaning solutions and to prevent transferring oils and dirt to the coins. Magnifying glasses can help you inspect the coins closely and ensure you’re not missing any spots. Finally, coin holders or albums are essential for storing your cleaned pennies and protecting them from future damage.
Gentle Cleaning Methods for Pennies
Now, let's get to the actual penny cleaning process! We'll start with the gentlest methods, which are usually the best approach for most pennies. Remember, the goal is to remove dirt and tarnish without damaging the coin. These methods are safe for both copper and zinc pennies, but it’s always a good idea to test a small area first.
Washing with Soap and Water
The simplest and often most effective method is washing pennies with soap and water. Here’s how to do it:
- Fill a bowl with lukewarm distilled water.
- Add a few drops of mild, pH-neutral soap to the water and mix gently.
- Place the pennies in the soapy water and let them soak for a few minutes. This will help to loosen any dirt and grime.
- Use a soft-bristled brush to gently scrub the pennies. Pay attention to any areas with stubborn dirt or tarnish.
- Rinse the pennies thoroughly with distilled water to remove any soap residue.
- Pat the pennies dry with a soft, clean cloth. Make sure they are completely dry before storing them.
Baking Soda Paste
Baking soda is a mild abrasive that can help remove tarnish without scratching the coin. To make a baking soda paste, mix baking soda with a small amount of distilled water until you have a thick paste. Apply the paste to the penny and gently rub it with a soft cloth or your fingers. Rinse the penny thoroughly with distilled water and pat it dry. Be cautious with this method on zinc pennies, as prolonged exposure to baking soda can damage the copper coating.
Olive Oil Soak
An olive oil soak is another gentle method that can help loosen dirt and tarnish. Simply place the pennies in a bowl of olive oil and let them soak for several days or even weeks. The oil will penetrate the grime and make it easier to remove. After soaking, gently wipe the pennies with a soft cloth and rinse them with distilled water. Pat them dry before storing. This method is particularly effective for pennies with heavy buildup.
More Intensive Cleaning Techniques
If gentle methods don't do the trick, you might need to try more intensive cleaning techniques. However, proceed with caution, as these methods carry a higher risk of damaging the coin. It’s crucial to test these methods on a less valuable penny first to see how it reacts.
Vinegar and Salt Solution
A vinegar and salt solution is a popular method for cleaning heavily tarnished copper pennies. The acid in the vinegar reacts with the tarnish, while the salt acts as an abrasive. To use this method, mix equal parts white vinegar and salt in a bowl. Place the pennies in the solution and let them soak for a few minutes. You’ll likely see the solution turn green as the tarnish dissolves. Remove the pennies and rinse them thoroughly with distilled water. Pat them dry with a soft cloth. This method is not recommended for zinc pennies, as the acid can damage the copper coating.
Lemon Juice and Salt
Like vinegar, lemon juice is acidic and can help remove tarnish. To use lemon juice and salt, squeeze the juice of half a lemon into a bowl and add a pinch of salt. Stir to dissolve the salt. Place the pennies in the solution and let them soak for a few minutes. Remove the pennies, rinse them with distilled water, and pat them dry. Again, this method should be used with caution on zinc pennies.
Commercial Coin Cleaners
There are several commercial coin cleaners available that are specifically designed for cleaning coins. These cleaners often contain mild acids and chelating agents that help dissolve tarnish and dirt. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using commercial cleaners. Some cleaners are formulated for specific metals, so make sure you choose one that’s safe for copper or zinc. Use these products sparingly and always rinse the coins thoroughly after cleaning.
Drying and Storing Your Cleaned Pennies
Once you’ve cleaned your pennies, it’s crucial to dry and store them properly to prevent further damage. Moisture can accelerate corrosion, so make sure the pennies are completely dry before storing them.
Drying Pennies
To dry your pennies, pat them gently with a soft, clean cloth. You can also use a hair dryer on a low, cool setting to help speed up the drying process. Avoid using high heat, as this can damage the coin. Another option is to place the pennies on a clean, dry surface and let them air dry. This may take a bit longer, but it’s a gentle and effective method.
Storing Pennies
The way you store your cleaned pennies is just as important as how you clean them. Proper storage will protect your pennies from moisture, dirt, and other environmental factors that can cause damage. Coin holders or albums are the best options for long-term storage. These holders are made of inert materials that won’t react with the coin’s metal. They also provide a protective barrier against scratches and other physical damage. Avoid storing pennies in PVC holders, as PVC can leach chemicals that damage coins over time. Another good option is to store pennies in airtight containers with silica gel packets to absorb moisture. This is particularly useful in humid environments.
A Word of Caution: When Not to Clean
Before we wrap up, let’s reiterate a crucial point: sometimes, the best thing you can do for a penny is to leave it alone. Over-cleaning can significantly reduce a coin’s value, especially if it’s a rare or collectible coin. If you’re unsure about the value of a coin or the best way to clean it, it’s always best to consult a professional numismatist. They can assess the coin’s condition and provide expert advice. Additionally, some coins look better with their natural patina, which gives them character and historical significance. Removing this patina can make the coin look artificial and less appealing to collectors. So, remember, when in doubt, don’t clean!
Final Thoughts
Cleaning copper and zinc pennies can be a rewarding process, but it’s essential to approach it with caution and care. By using gentle methods and the right tools, you can restore your pennies to their former glory without damaging them. Remember to always test new methods on less valuable coins first and consult a professional if you’re dealing with potentially valuable collectibles. Happy cleaning, guys, and may your pennies shine bright!
